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Intermolecular Forces Video Lessons. Problem : Which type of bond must be broken for water to vaporize? Problem Details Which type of bond must be broken for water to vaporize? Learn this topic by watching Intermolecular Forces Concept Videos. These forces of attraction are called hydrogen bonds. The forces holding two molecules together in a hydrogen bond are much stronger than those between molecules and hydrocarbons. The attraction between hydrogen and oxygen atoms results in a much higher boiling point of water than anticipated for a different molecule with the same mass.
Hydrogen bonds can also be formed between atoms of hydrogen and sulphur or nitrogen , typically SH- and NH2- groups. In this picture you can see what hydrogen bonds in water look like: Hydrogen bonds. To make water evaporate, energy has to be added. The water molecules in the water absorb that energy individually. Due to this absorption of energy the hydrogen bonds connecting water molecules to one another will break.
The molecules are now in the gaseous state; this is called water vapour. The phase change from liquid to vapour is called evaporation. During evaporation a molecule of water absorbs latent heat. Thermal properties of a liquid are properties that have everything to do with heat transfer through this liquid.
Thermal properties can be divided up into specific heat and latent heat. The specific heat is the amount of heat per unit mass that is required to raise the temperature of a liquid by one degree Celsius. The relationship between heat and temperature change is usually expressed by the upcoming relationship, where c is the specific heat. The specific heat of water is 4. Latent heat means energy that is absorbed by water molecules, in order to evaporate. The boiling point of water is the temperature in which there is enough energy to break the hydrogen bonds between water molecules.
Water is converted from its liquid form to its gaseous form steam when the heat of vaporization is reached. Evaporation of sweat mostly water removes heat from the surface of skin, cooling the body.
Key Terms heat of vaporization : The energy required to transform a given quantity of a substance from a liquid into a gas at a given pressure often atmospheric pressure.
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